What Is Acid Reflux Disease (GERD)?

If you’ve ever felt a burning sensation rising from your chest after a meal, you’re not alone. Occasional heartburn is common—but if it’s happening more than twice a week, you may be dealing with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), also known as chronic acid reflux.

GERD occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus. This backwash (reflux) irritates the lining of your esophagus and can lead to serious complications if left untreated.

Common Signs It’s More Than Just Heartburn

GERD can sneak up on you with symptoms that are easy to ignore or misinterpret. Here are the most common signs:

  • Frequent heartburn (burning in the chest or throat)
  • Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
  • Chronic cough or throat clearing
  • Feeling like you have a lump in your throat
  • Worsening symptoms at night or when lying down
  • Hoarseness or sore throat in the morning

Some people with GERD don’t even feel heartburn at all, making it a “silent” but dangerous condition.

What Causes GERD?

The main culprit is a weak or relaxed lower esophageal sphincter (LES), the valve that separates your stomach from your esophagus. When it doesn’t close properly, acid can escape upward.

Risk factors include:

  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy
  • Smoking
  • Eating large meals or late at night
  • Hiatal hernia
  • Certain medications (like NSAIDs, asthma drugs, and antidepressants)

Foods That Make It Worse

Some foods can relax the LES or increase stomach acid. Common offenders include:

  • Spicy foods
  • Tomato products
  • Citrus fruits
  • Chocolate
  • Caffeine
  • Alcohol
  • Fatty or fried foods

When GERD Goes Untreated: The Hidden Dangers

GERD isn’t just uncomfortable—it can be dangerous. Chronic acid exposure can lead to:

  • Esophagitis: Inflammation of the esophagus
  • Esophageal stricture: Narrowing of the esophagus from scar tissue
  • Barrett’s esophagus: A precancerous change in the esophagus lining
  • Esophageal cancer: Though rare, it is life-threatening

Getting Diagnosed

If you’re experiencing persistent symptoms, it’s time to see a gastroenterologist. Diagnosis may include:

  • Upper endoscopy: A small camera looks at the esophagus lining
  • pH monitoring: Measures acid levels in the esophagus
  • Barium swallow X-ray: Identifies structural problems

How to Find Relief: Treatment Options

Lifestyle Changes

  • Eat smaller meals
  • Avoid lying down within 2–3 hours after eating
  • Elevate the head of your bed
  • Quit smoking and lose excess weight

Medications

  • Antacids: Quick relief for occasional symptoms
  • H2 blockers: Reduce acid production
  • Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Most effective for long-term symptom control

Advanced Treatments

In severe or unresponsive cases, procedures like endoscopic therapy or surgery (e.g., fundoplication) may be considered.

FAQs About GERD

Is GERD the same as acid reflux?

Not exactly. Acid reflux is the symptom; GERD is the chronic condition caused by frequent reflux episodes.

Can GERD be cured?

While not always curable, GERD is very manageable with the right combination of lifestyle changes and medical treatment.

Is it safe to take acid reducers long-term?

They’re generally safe, but long-term use should be monitored by a doctor due to potential side effects like nutrient deficiencies.

Does GERD cause bad breath?

Yes. Refluxed acid and undigested food can contribute to halitosis (bad breath).

Can children get GERD?

Yes. GERD can affect people of all ages, including infants and teens. Pediatric evaluation is important in young patients.

Final Thoughts from Your Gastroenterologist

Don’t ignore that burning sensation or nagging cough—it could be your body’s way of saying something more serious is going on. GERD is common, but with proper care, you can take back control of your digestive health. Schedule an appointment today if you’re experiencing persistent symptoms. Your esophagus will thank you.